ASP.NET Core supports uploading one or more files using buffered model binding for smaller files and unbuffered streaming for larger files.
File Model
Create a new class, Models/FileModel.cs. This will be the base class.
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| public abstract class FileModel
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string FileType { get; set; }
public string Extension { get; set; }
public string Description { get; set; }
public string UploadedBy { get; set; }
public DateTime? CreatedOn { get; set; }
}
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Now, let’s create a model for the file on the file system. Name it Models/FileOnFileSystem.cs and inherit the FileModel class.
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| public class FileOnFileSystemModel : FileModel
{
public string FilePath { get; set; }
}
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Similarly add another class for the file on database, Models/FileOnDatabaseModel.cs
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| public class FileOnDatabaseModel : FileModel
{
public byte[] Data { get; set; }
}
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Setting up Entity Framework Core
Install the below packages
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| Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore -Version 3.1.9
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore --version 3.1.9
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="3.1.9" />
Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design -Version 3.1.9
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design --version 3.1.9
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design" Version="3.1.9">
<PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
<IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers</IncludeAssets>
</PackageReference>
Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools -Version 3.1.9
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools --version 3.1.9
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools" Version="3.1.9">
<PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
<IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers</IncludeAssets>
</PackageReference>
Install-Package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer -Version 3.1.9
dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer --version 3.1.9
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer" Version="3.1.9" />
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Next, add a connection string to your appsetting.json file.
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| "ConnectionStrings": {
"DefaultConnection": "Server=.;Database=FileDb;Trusted_Connection=True;"
}
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Create ApplicationDbContext
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| using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
public class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
{
public ApplicationDbContext(DbContextOptions<ApplicationDbContext> options)
: base(options)
{ }
public DbSet<FileOnDatabaseModel> FilesOnDatabase { get; set; }
public DbSet<FileOnFileSystemModel> FilesOnFileSystem { get; set; }
}
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Let’s now configure the services. Modify the Startup.cs/ConfigureServices.
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| using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
public class Startup
{
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlServer(
Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"),
b => b.MigrationsAssembly(typeof(ApplicationDbContext).Assembly.FullName))
);
}
}
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Finally, let’s do the required migrations and update our database. Just run the following commands on the Package Manager Console or other terminals.
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| Add-Migration initial
Update-Database
// dotnet tool install --global dotnet-ef
// dotnet tool update --global dotnet-ef
dotnet ef migrations add initial
dotnet ef database update
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You will get a done message on console. Open up SQL Server Object Explorer to check if the database and tables have been created.
Setting up the View and ViewModel
Make a new class, a ViewModel class, Models/FileUploadViewModel.cs as below.
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| public class FileUploadViewModel
{
public List<FileOnFileSystemModel> FilesOnFileSystem { get; set; }
public List<FileOnDatabaseModel> FilesOnDatabase { get; set; }
}
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After that, Let’s start modifying the View Page, Views/File/Index.cshtml.
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| @model FileUploadViewModel
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Index";
Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<h4>Start Uploading Files Here</h4>
<hr />
@if (ViewBag.Message != null)
{
<div class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" style="margin-top:20px">
@ViewBag.Message
</div>
}
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="files" multiple required />
<input type="text" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Enter File Description" name="description" required />
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" asp-controller="File" asp-action="UploadToFileSystem">Upload to File System</button>
<button class="btn btn-success" type="submit" asp-controller="File" asp-action="UploadToDatabase">Upload to Database</button>
</form>
<hr />
<h4>Files on File System</h4>
@if (Model.FilesOnFileSystem.Count == 0)
{
<caption>No Records Found</caption>
}
else
{
<caption>List of Files on File System</caption>
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>File Type</th>
<th>Created On</th>
<th>Actions</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (var file in Model.FilesOnFileSystem)
{
<tr>
<th>@file.Id</th>
<td>@file.Name</td>
<td>@file.Description</td>
<td>@file.FileType</td>
<td>@file.CreatedOn</td>
<td>
<a type="button" class="btn btn-primary" asp-controller="File" asp-action="DownloadFileFromFileSystem" asp-route-id="@file.Id">Download</a>
<a type="button" class="btn btn-danger" asp-controller="File" asp-action="DeleteFileFromFileSystem" asp-route-id="@file.Id">Delete</a>
</td>
</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>
}
<hr />
<h4>Files on Database</h4>
@if (Model.FilesOnDatabase.Count == 0)
{
<caption>No Records Found</caption>
}
else
{
<caption>List of Files on Database</caption>
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>File Type</th>
<th>Created On</th>
<th>Actions</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach (var file in Model.FilesOnDatabase)
{
<tr>
<th>@file.Id</th>
<td>@file.Name</td>
<td>@file.Description</td>
<td>@file.FileType</td>
<td>@file.CreatedOn</td>
<td>
<a type="button" class="btn btn-primary" asp-controller="File" asp-action="DownloadFileFromDatabase" asp-route-id="@file.Id">Download</a>
<a type="button" class="btn btn-danger" asp-controller="File" asp-action="DeleteFileFromDatabase" asp-route-id="@file.Id">Delete</a>
</td>
</tr>
}
</tbody>
</table>
}
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Now, Create FileController
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|
public class FileController : Controller
{
private readonly ApplicationDbContext context;
public FileController(ApplicationDbContext context)
{
this.context = context;
}
public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
{
var fileuploadViewModel = await LoadAllFiles();
ViewBag.Message = TempData["Message"];
return View(fileuploadViewModel);
}
[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> UploadToFileSystem(List<IFormFile> files, string description)
{
foreach (var file in files)
{
var basePath = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\Files\\");
bool basePathExists = System.IO.Directory.Exists(basePath);
if (!basePathExists) Directory.CreateDirectory(basePath);
var fileName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(file.FileName);
var filePath = Path.Combine(basePath, file.FileName);
var extension = Path.GetExtension(file.FileName);
if (!System.IO.File.Exists(filePath))
{
using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
{
await file.CopyToAsync(stream);
}
var fileModel = new FileOnFileSystemModel
{
CreatedOn = DateTime.UtcNow,
FileType = file.ContentType,
Extension = extension,
Name = fileName,
Description = description,
FilePath = filePath
};
await context.FilesOnFileSystem.AddAsync(fileModel);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
}
}
TempData["Message"] = "File successfully uploaded to File System.";
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> UploadToDatabase(List<IFormFile> files, string description)
{
foreach (var file in files)
{
var fileName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(file.FileName);
var extension = Path.GetExtension(file.FileName);
var fileModel = new FileOnDatabaseModel
{
CreatedOn = DateTime.UtcNow,
FileType = file.ContentType,
Extension = extension,
Name = fileName,
Description = description
};
using (var dataStream = new MemoryStream())
{
await file.CopyToAsync(dataStream);
fileModel.Data = dataStream.ToArray();
}
await context.FilesOnDatabase.AddAsync(fileModel);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
}
TempData["Message"] = "File successfully uploaded to Database";
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
private async Task<FileUploadViewModel> LoadAllFiles()
{
var viewModel = new FileUploadViewModel();
viewModel.FilesOnDatabase = await context.FilesOnDatabase.ToListAsync();
viewModel.FilesOnFileSystem = await context.FilesOnFileSystem.ToListAsync();
return viewModel;
}
public async Task<IActionResult> DownloadFileFromDatabase(int id)
{
var file = await context.FilesOnDatabase.Where(x => x.Id == id).FirstOrDefaultAsync();
if (file == null) return null;
return File(file.Data, file.FileType, file.Name + file.Extension);
}
public async Task<IActionResult> DownloadFileFromFileSystem(int id)
{
var file = await context.FilesOnFileSystem.Where(x => x.Id == id).FirstOrDefaultAsync();
if (file == null) return null;
var memory = new MemoryStream();
using (var stream = new FileStream(file.FilePath, FileMode.Open))
{
await stream.CopyToAsync(memory);
}
memory.Position = 0;
return File(memory, file.FileType, file.Name + file.Extension);
}
public async Task<IActionResult> DeleteFileFromFileSystem(int id)
{
var file = await context.FilesOnFileSystem.Where(x => x.Id == id).FirstOrDefaultAsync();
if (file == null) return null;
if (System.IO.File.Exists(file.FilePath))
{
System.IO.File.Delete(file.FilePath);
}
context.FilesOnFileSystem.Remove(file);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
TempData["Message"] = $"Removed {file.Name + file.Extension} successfully from File System.";
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
public async Task<IActionResult> DeleteFileFromDatabase(int id)
{
var file = await context.FilesOnDatabase.Where(x => x.Id == id).FirstOrDefaultAsync();
context.FilesOnDatabase.Remove(file);
await context.SaveChangesAsync();
TempData["Message"] = $"Removed {file.Name + file.Extension} successfully from Database.";
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
}
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Reference(s)
Most of the information in this article has gathered from various references.